Medical  Mission  Series 


HOSPITALS  IN  CHINA 


MATERNITY  WARD,  GREGG  HOSPITAL,  CANTON 
(MARY  A.  PERKINS  MEMORIAL) 

1920 

The  Woman’s  Foreign  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 

501  Witherspoon  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Six  cents  each. 


Medical  Work  in  China 


S WE  should  expect,  we  find  in  China  a traditional 
system  of  medical  practice  of  great  antiquity. 
No  years  of  preparation  are  required  for  a 
Chinese  practitioner ; he  hangs  out  his  gay  sign- 
board and  announces  to  his  friends  and  neighbors: 
“I  am  a physician.”  All  he  needs  is  a ‘‘doctor- 
hook” — a manual  of  prescriptions  bought  or  inherited ; the 
latter  is  greatly  to  be  preferred.  He  looks  at  the  patient’s 
tongue,  feels  his  pulse,  and,  without  further  examination,  he 
is  ready  to  turn  over  a few  leaves  of  his  book  and  announce 
the  ailment  and  its  remedies.  They  always  feel  the  pulse  in 
both  wrists.  That  of  the  left  arm  is  the  indication  for  diseases 
of  the  heart,  liver  and  kidneys ; the  right  one  belongs  to  the 
lungs,  spleen  and  other  organs.  The  liver  consists  of  seven 
lobes  and  is  the  seat  of  the  sold.  If  a dishonest  man  falls  ill, 
they  diagnose  a displaced  heart,  because  a just  and  upright 
man’s  heart  is  always  in  the  middle  of  his  body. 

A list  of  drugs  in  ordinary  use  would  include  cock-roaches, 
rhinoceros  skin,  silk  worms,  crude  calomel,  asbestos,  rhubarb, 
full-grown  roses,  moths,  maggots,  centipedes,  shell  fish,  cater- 
pillars, toads,  lizards,  etc. 

Some  of  these  have  a symbolic  and  suggestive  use,  as 
powder  of  tiger  bones  for  debility.  “Dr.  Lyon’s  tooth 
powder”  is  advertised  all  over  China  as  “Lion  tooth  powder,” 
and  is  believed  to  be  made  from  the  teeth  of  that 
animal.  Snakes  are  highly  esteemed  for  rheumatism,  and 
cicada  shells  as  a nervous  sedative.  The  doses  are  of 
enormous  size ; they  literally  “eat  the  medicine,”  as  their 
idiom  has  it.  Fanciful  names  appeal  to  the  imagination  of 
the  patient : the  Great  Blessing  Pill,  a general  tonic,  contains 
ten  drugs,  and  is  an  inch  across.  Others  are  the  Double 
Mystery  Pill,  the  Transparent  Peace  Pill,  and  the  Pill  of 
Ten  Thousand  Efficiencies.  These  are  smaller,  but  the  dose 
may  be  one  hundred  and  fifty  pills. 


Much  medical  work  is  done  in  connection  with  worship 
in  the  temples ; lots  are  cast  for  the  drug,  and  the  prescription 
indicated  by  the  idol  is  w'ritten  down  by  the  doctor,  and  thus 
comes  with  a double  authority. 

In  external  medicine,  plasters  and  poultices,  both  sedative 
and  irritating,  are  much  used.  The  chief  surgical  instrument 
is  the  acupuncture  needle,  used  to  produce  counter  irritation. 
There  are  one  hundred  spots  known  to  surgeons  in  which 
it  can  be  stuck  without  causing  immediate  death.  Often  they 
do  not  hesitate  to  insert  it  in  the  eyes,  lungs  or  abdomen.  The 
results  of  such  practice  with  unsterilized  needles,  in  the  filth 
and  uncleanliness  of  the  average  Chinese  home,  may  be  easily 
imagined.  The  worst  cases  that  come  to  our  hospitals  are 
the  outcome  of  this  treatment. 

Crude  and  empirical  as  such  methods  appear  to  us,  we 
must  not  forget  that  through  experience  and  natural  ability 
some  Chinese  doctors  attain  success  and  fame,  and  sometimes 
patients  given  up  by  the  foreign  doctor  will  recover  under 
native  methods. 

A doctor’s  position  in  Chinese  society  is  humble — about 
on  a level  with  a barber’s.  For  this  reason  ambitious  young 
men,  except  when  under  foreign  influence,  are  unwilling  to 
adopt  the  profession.  Dr.  McCandliss,  of  Hainan,  considers 
that  Chinese  men  are  exceptionally  adapted  to  the  medical 
calling  by  their  phenomenal  memories,  their  keen  powers  of 
observation,  and  their  steady  nerves.  Many  are  already  at 
w'ork  who  have  been  trained  in  foreign  methods  under  Chris- 
tian auspices,  and  each  year  sees  an  increasing  number  of 
those  who  are  qualified  to  teach  the  principles  of  sanitation 
and  right  living,  wrhile  aiding  the  unfortunate  victims  of 
disease.  Nearly  every  provincial  government  now  supports 
hospitals  with  foreign-trained  doctors,  and  both  the  army  and 
the  navy  have  their  medical  schools. 

In  striking  contrast  to  the  picturesque  traditions  of  past 
days  is  the  systematic  work  for  China’s  welfare  inaugurated 
by  the  China  Medical  Board  of  the  Rockefeller  Foundation. 
The  policy  of  this  Board  is  to  supplement  and  strengthen 
the  medical  work  of  the  various  Mission  Boards,  so  as  to 
develop  a scheme  of  medical  education  covering  the  entire 
country.  To  this  end,  it  proposes  to  establish  in  each  section 

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of  China  a first-class  Medical  School,  properly  staffed  and 
equipped,  and  to  provide  modern  hospitals,  where  the  gradu- 
ates of  these  schools  may  obtain  the  requisite  practical  training. 

The  Board  also  hopes  to  grant  post-graduate  fellowships  in 
these  schools  to  missionary  physicians  and  Chinese  doctors. 
It  will  aid  in  the  translation  of  medical  books  and  text-books 
for  nurses. 

The  centres  already  chosen  are  at  Peking,  Tsinanfu, 
Canton,  Shanghai,  Nanking  and  Changsha. 

SOUTH  CHINA  MISSION.— Canton.- The  first  medical 
missionary  in  China  was  Dr.  Peter  Parker,  who  was  sent  to 
Canton  by  the  American  Board  in  1834.  The  next  year  he 
opened  a hospital  chiefly  for  diseases  of  the  eye.  This 
developed  into  the  Canton  General  Hospital,  supported  by  the 
Canton  Medical  Missionary  Society,  a local  association,  com- 
prising both  foreigners  and  Chinese.  Our  Board  furnished 
the  medical  staff  and  had  charge  of  the  evangelistic  work. 
From  1853  to  1899,  this  hospital  was  superintended  by  Dr. 
John  G.  Kerr,  whose  reputation  as  a surgeon  was  worldwide. 
Dr.  Kerr  trained  many  Chinese  physicians  and  assistants,  and 
translated  more  than  twenty  medical  books.  During  the 
Boxer  riots,  strict  orders  were  given  by  the  leaders  to  spare 
Dr.  Kerr,  in  gratitude  for  his  beneficent  work.  In  1909,  the 
Canton  Society  assumed  the  entire  control  and  support  of  the 
hospital.  It  is  now  superintended  by  the  Canton  Christian 
College,  and  assisted  by  the  China  Medical  Board. 

In  connection  with  this  hospital,  Dr.  Kerr  founded  the 
Refuge  for  the  Insane,  now  superintended  by  Mrs.  Kerr,  and 
cared  for  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Selden,  Dr  Ross  and  Dr.  Harvey. 
The  buildings  are  filled  to  their  limit  with  five  hundred 
patients.  Much  evangelical  work  is  done  at  the  Refuge,  and 
reaches  the  relatives  and  friends  of  the  patients. 

The  chief  medical  work  of  the  Canton  Station  centres  in 
the  three  institutions  founded  by  Dr.  Mary  Fulton,  and  for 
sixteen  years  under  her  care.  These  are  the  David  Gregg 
Hospital  for  Women  (1903);  the  Hackett  Medical  College 
for  Women;  the  Turner  School  for  Nurses,  with  the  Perkins 
Memorial  Building,  containing  maternity  and  children’s  wards. 

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DR.  MARY  FULTON 

The  property  consists  of  one  and  one-half  acres  of  land, 
with  seven  buildings,  in  the  western  suburb  of  Canton.  The 
buildings  are  of  grey  brick,  and  open  on  all  sides  to  the  light 
and  air.  The  older  buildings  accommodate  the  chapel,  dining 
rooms,  laboratories  and  recitation  rooms.  The  main  hospital, 
rebuilt  in  1913,  is  provided  with  every  modern  facility  for 

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ventilation  and  cleanliness.  There  is  a specially  well-equipped 
operating  department,  built  according  to  the  requirements  of 
modern  surgery  and  clinical  instruction.  The  number  of 
patients  increases  every  year. 

The  Perkins  Memorial  Maternity  Building  (1905),  given 
by  Mrs.  C.  P.  Turner  of  Philadelphia,  is  a large  building  of 
four  stories.  Besides  the  necessary  offices,  it  has  wards  and 
private  rooms  for  twenty-five  patients.  Thorpe  Hall  (1911), 
also  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Turner,  accommodates  the  Nurses’ 
Training  School. 

The  home  of  the  foreign  staff  was  built  in  1905  by  the 
Presbyterial  Society  of  Zanesville,  Ohio. 

A dispensary  was  given  in  1015  by  Miss  Tookcr.  A 
second  story,  recently  added,  provides  additional  laboratories 
for  the  school. 

The  Medical  College  gives  in  its  four  years’  course  a 
first-class  medical  education,  under  Christian  influences,  and 
its  graduates  receive  the  government’s  license  without  re- 
examination. In  the  twenty  years  since  the  opening  of  the 
College  more  than  one  hundred  women  have  been  graduated, 
and  are  practicing  successfully  in  all  parts  of  China  and  even 
in  foreign  countries.  They  form  a very  useful  group  of 
women — public  spirited,  wide-awake  and  active  in  all  philan- 
thropic and  religious  work. 

The  Nurses’  Training  School  is  full  to  overflowing,  and 
many  more  apply  for  admittance  than  the  present  dormitories 
can  accommodate.  In  the  future,  all  pupils  will  take  the  three 
years’  course  prescribed  by  the  China  Nursing  Association. 

The  clinical  work  of  the  hospital  is  of  great  value  in  the 
training  of  the  medical  students  and  the  nurses. 

The  first  hospital  at  Lien  Chou,  opened  hy  Dr.  Machle  in 
1903,  was  destroyed  in  1905  hy  an  infuriated  mob,  and  among 
the  five  missionary  victims  of  their  rage  was  the  physician, 
Dr.  Eleanor  Chestnut.  The  station  has  since  been  rebuilt, 
and  new  hospitals — the  Van  Norden  Memorial  for  men  (50 
beds),  and  the  Brooks  Hospital  for  women — were  opened  in 
1910. 

At  Yeung  Kong,  the  Forman  Hospital  is  the  only  one 
within  a radius  of  one  hundred  miles,  with  a population  of 
two  million.  Dr.  W.  H.  Dobson  and  Dr.  E.  M.  Ewers  care 

6 


for  the  hospital  and  the  medical  itineration.  The  disturbances 
of  recent  years,  centering  around  Yeung  Kong,  brought  un- 
usual labor  and  anxiety  to  the  hospital  staff.  The  hospital 
was  attacked  by  robber  bands,  but  fortunately  escaped  destruc- 
tion. Scores  of  wounded  men  from  both  sides  were  cared 
for,  and  none  left  without  receiving  the  Christian  message. 

Mrs.  C.  E.  Patton,  M.  D.,  superintends  the  general  medical 
work  at  Ko-chou. 

HAINAN. — This  isolated  island  is  a difficult  field,  on 
account  of  the  wet,  unwholesome  climate,  the  variety  of  tribes 
and  dialects,  and  the  difficulty  of  traveling.  At  each  of  the 
three  stations — Kiung  Chow,  Nodoa  and  Kachek — is  a well- 
equipped  hospital,  writh  dispensary  work  and  training  for 
assistants.  Patients  come  from  long  distances,  and  often 
return  to  bring  friends. 

The  three  hospitals  together  report  two  hundred  and 
twenty-three  beds.  All  are  filled  to  their  capacity  with 
patients,  mostly  sick  and  wounded  soldiers.  This  gives  un- 
usual opportunity  for  evangelistic  work. 

At  Kachek,  ground  has  been  bought  for  an  isolation  ward, 
and  a new  surgical  ward  is  also  contemplated.  A school  for 
nurses  is  greatly  needed. 

HUNAN. — This  youngest  and  most  remote  of  our  missions 
has  six  hospitals  and  seven  physicians  in  its  five  stations. 
It  is  the  province  of  rebellion  and  independence,  and  not 
long  ago  it  w-as  dangerous  for  a missionary  to  travel  within 
its  borders.  Now  the  people  are  keen  for  western  learning 
and  science,  and  hundreds  have  been  trying  to  crowd  into  the 
church  simply  for  the  sake  of  foreign  influence. 

At  Siang  Tan  is  a large  hospital  for  men  and  women,  built 
by  the  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Tooker.  The  work  here  has  grown 
steadily  and  is  large  and  important.  The  new  building  of 
the  Women’s  Hospital  was  opened  in  1916.  The  disturbances 
of  the  civil  war  beginning  in  1916  have  opened  new  oppor- 
tunities of  influence. 

As  in  many  cities  of  the  Province,  the  foreigners  wrere  asked 
to  assist  the  citizens  in  forming  a Red  Cross  Society.  Our 
hospital  w'as  made  a Red  Cross  Hospital.  Armies  marched 

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and  countermarched,  we  had  many  sick  soldiers  in  the  hospital, 
and  a constant  flow  into  the  dispensary  during  the  clinic  hours. 

These  conditions  have  continued  until  the  present  time,  and 
all  the  members  of  the  Mission  have  worked  valiantly  under 
great  difficulties.  The  local  Red  Cross  Society  has  given 
liberal  aid  in  money  and  service. 

The  two  physicians  at  Hengchow  are  making  every  effort 
to  raise  the  hospital  of  sixty-four  beds  to  a high  standard. 
More  nurses  and  better  equipment  are  much  desired.  One 
urgent  need  is  a separate  annex  for  tuberculosis,  which  is 
alarmingly  prevalent. 

The  battles  in  the  vicinity  filled  the  hospital  with  sick  and 
wounded  soldiers,  and  a temple  adjoining  was  also  utilized. 
The  hospital  evangelist  has  been  most  faithful  in  these  days 
of  unusual  opportunity. 

At  Chang-teh,  opened  in  1899  under  the  Cumberland 
Church,  the  physicians  in  charge  are  assisted  by  two  capable 
young  Chinese  doctors.  A new  hospital  was  opened  in  1916, 
and  the  old  building  renovated  for  a Women’s  Hospital. 
Both  have  been  filled  during  the  civil  war  with  wounded 
soldiers,  and  the  overflow  carried  into  the  basement  of  the 
church.  The  expenses  are  shared  by  the  Chinese  Red  Cross 
Society. 

The  hospital  at  Chenchow,  given  by  the  Church  of  Warren, 
Pa.,  was  opened  in  1910.  Here,  too,  the  work  for  the  army 
has  been  constant  and  heavy.  The  authorities  provided  two 
large  buildings  and  some  Chinese  surgeons,  but  no  medicines 
or  instruments.  The  influence  and  prestige  which  will  later 
accrue  to  our  hospitals  from  the  work  of  these  months  can 
be  easily  conjectured. 

CENTRAL  CHINA. — The  coast  cities  are  cared  for  by  other 
missions,  so  that  in  the  central  region  our  only  hospital  is  at 
Soochow — the  Tooker  Memorial  for  Women  and  Children. 
The  record  of  this  hospital,  opened  in  1899,  is  one  of  untiring 
love  and  service.  The  death  of  Dr.  Esther  Anderson  in  1916 
and  the  retirement  of  Miss  Lattimore  have  curtailed  its 
activities  of  late.  It  is  now  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Mary 
Tai,  a Chinese  physician  at  one  time  associated  with  Dr. 
Anderson. 


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KIANG-AN. — Nanking. — The  Methodist,  Christian  and 
Presbyterian  Missions  have  united  to  support  the  University 
of  Nanking,  opened  1911.  In  connection  with  the  Medical 
School  of  the  University  is  a hospital  of  eighty-five  beds  and 
a Nurses’  Training  School.  A new  Tuberculosis  Ward  has 
lately  been  added.  At  the  recent  outbreak  of  pneumonic 
plague  the  hospital  staff  was  asked  by  the  officials  to  take  steps 
to  prevent  its  spread,  which  was  successfully  done.  This 
school  and  hospital  are  among  those  aided  by  the  China  Medi- 
cal Board. 

At  Hwai  Yuen,  Hope  Hospital,  given  by  Mr.  W.  C. 
Lobenstine,  wras  opened  in  December,  1909,  with  a three  days’ 
feast,  to  which  all  the  notables  of  the  town  were  invited. 
Dr.  Samuel  Cochran  wras  called  last  year  to  join  the  staff 
of  Shantung  University,  greatly  to  the  regret  of  Hwai  Yuen. 

In  1919  the  new  Ming  Kang  Hospital  for  Women  was 
opened.  Great  crowds  attended  the  ceremonies  and  marvelled 
at  the  beautiful  new  building.  Chinese  friends  gave  four 
thousand  dollars  toward  the  expenses.  The  forty  foundlings 
rescued  by  the  Misses  Murdoch  are  thriving  under  the  care 
of  their  foster  mothers. 

At  Nanhsuchow,  occupied  in  1914,  a dispensary  was  opened 
with  a Chinese  doctor.  The  city  officials  have  since  provided 
a small  building  for  a hospital,  and  there  is  a steady  stream 
of  patients  and  operations.  Very  few  in-patients  can  be  re- 
ceived, ow'ing  to  lack  of  room. 

NORTH  CHINA. — At  Peking  the  Lockhart  Medical  College 
for  Men  was  founded  after  the  Boxer  outbreak  by  the 
Educational  Union  of  North  China,  representing  the  London 
Missionary  Society,  the  American  Board  and  the  Presbyterian 
Board.  The  Methodist  Board  also  united  in  the  support  of 
this  college.  The  buildings,  given  by  the  London  Missionary 
Society,  will  accommodate  several  hundred  students.  The 
Empress  Dowager  contributed  ten  thousand  taels.  This  insti- 
tution has  since  been  taken  over  by  the  China  Medical  Board, 
wrhich  has  bought  a large  tract  of  land  in  the  vicinity,  and 
is  erecting  additional  buildings,  including  one  which  will  be 
an  attractive  religious  centre  for  the  institution.  This  will  be 

9 


ill  charge  of  a member  of  the  staff,  whose  sole  duty  is  to  work 
for  the  moral  and  religious  welfare  of  the  students. 

The  school  is  under  an  independent  Board  of  Trustees, 
representing  the  China  Medical  Board  and  the  Missions  inter- 
ested in  the  Peking  University.  The  China  Medical  Board 
assumes  the  entire  expense.  Franklin  C.  McLean,  M.  D.,  is 
the  physician-in-chief,  and  our  own  representative  on  the  staff 
is  Dr.  Dilley.  All  the  instruction  is  given  in  English.  Our 
An-ting  Hospital  for  Men  has  been  merged  in  the  Union 
Hospital  of  this  Medical  School. 

The  Union  Medical  School  for  Women  is  on  the  Meth- 
odist Compound,  three  and  a half  miles  from  the  Presbyterian 
hospitals.  Dr.  Eliza  E.  Leonard  is  Dean  of  this  school,  and 
teaches  anatomy  and  surgery.  Dr.  Bash  assists  in  the  teach- 
ing. There  are  forty-four  students  and  others  are  turned 
away  on  account  of  the  limited  space  and  equipment.  The 
entrance  requirements  have  been  raised,  extending  the  course 
to  five  years,  with  an  additional  year  of  post-graduate  work. 

Domv  Hospital  is  now  housed  in  a commodious  and 
beautiful  building,  which  greatly  enhances  its  usefulness.  The 
receipts  meet  all  current  expenses. 

In  connection  with  the  country  work  of  Peking  Station, 
itineration  by  a competent  Chinese  physician  meets  w'ith  great 
favor. 

At  Paoting-fu  the  medical  work,  begun  in  1893,  was  just 
fairly  established  in  1900,  when  the  Boxer  army  destroyed 
the  mission  buildings  and  murdered  Dr.  Taylor,  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Hodge,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simcox,  and  their  children.  After 
tw'o  years  of  desolation,  the  station  was  rebuilt  on  a newr  site 
presented  by  the  officials.  The  Taylor  Memorial  Hospital  for 
Men  was  given  by  Dr.  Taylor’s  classmates  at  Princeton.  By 
the  help  of  the  China  Medical  Board,  a new'  building  has  been 
added,  which  opened  in  1918,  with  a full  staff  of  physicians 
and  nurses. 

The  Hodge  Memorial  Hospital  for  Women  is  doing  a 
larger  work  than  ever  under  the  efficient  management  of  Dr. 
Maud  Mackey. 

Shuntefu,  opened  in  1903,  has  a good  hospital,  filled  to 
overflowing  with  in-patients.  New  buildings  have  recently 


been  added,  including  a Nurses’  Home.  The  Grace  Talcott 
Hospital  for  Women  was  opened  in  1917. 

SHANTUNG.— Teng-chou,  the  oldest  station  in  the  Mission, 
has  now  an  excellent  new  hospital  outside  of  the  city,  the 
gift  of  Mr.  Severance,  which  attracts  many  patients. 

The  medical  work  at  Chefoo  has  been  greatly  strengthened 
since  the  opening  of  the  hospital  in  1915.  This  hospital  is  now 
among  the  best-equipped  in  China,  and  by  the  aid  of  the 
China  Medical  Board  and  generous  gifts  from  Chinese  friends 
in  Chefoo,  its  work  is  constantly  expanding.  Two  faithful 
Chinese  evangelists  give  much  time  to  the  religious  teaching. 

At  Weihsien,  medical  work  dates  from  1882,  but  was  swept 
away  with  the  rest  in  the  complete  destruction  of  the  station 
in  the  Boxer  rebellion.  Of  recent  years,  plague,  famine,  civil 
war,  floods  and  invasion  have  successively  interrupted  its 
progress,  but  each  crisis  has  brought  crowds  of  sick  and 
wounded  sufferers,  seeking  help  and  care.  The  floods  of  1916 
nearly  destroyed  the  hospital,  so  that  the  patients  had  to  be 
taken  out  in  boats.  A new  one  has  since  been  erected,  but 
in  the  disturbed  condition  of  the  country  has  been  largely  filled 
with  wounded  officers  and  soldiers. 

Tsinanfu,  the  capital  of  Shantung  Province,  is  the  centre 
of  an  enormously  populous  district,  and  increases  yearly  in 
importance.  It  is  the  seat  of  Shantung  Christian  University, 
formed  in  1904  by  the  union  of  the  educational  work  of  the 
American  Presbyterians  and  the  English  Baptists.  Since  then 
the  Church  of  England  Mission,  the  Canadian  Presbyterians, 
the  American  Board,  the  Southern  Presbyterians,  the 
Lutherans  and  the  London  Mission,  have  become  affiliated  in 
the  scheme. 

The  School  of  Medicine  is  an  integral  part  of  this  Univer- 
sity. In  1908  land  was  bought  in  the  southern  suburb  of 
Tsinan,  and  buildings  erected.  Students  were  first  received 
in  1910.  The  fine  new  hospital  buildings,  erected  and  equipped 
by  the  English  Baptists,  were  formally  opened  by  the  Governor 
in  1916.  This  Medical  School  is  the  one  endorsed  by  the 
China  Medical  Mission  Association  for  the  development  of 
medical  education  in  the  Mandarin  language. 


In  the  spring  of  1916,  the  China  Medical  Board,  in  re- 
organizing its  Peking  work  on  an  English  basis,  requested  this 
school  to  take  over  three  of  its  classes,  offering  to  provide  the 
requisite  buildings  and  equipment,  and  make  a large  grant 
toward  the  increased  staff  and  running  expenses  for  five  years. 

The  old  buildings  were  altered  and  enlarged  and  new  ones 
added,  and  in  October,  1916,  sixty-five  new  men  from  Peking 
and  elsewhere  entered.  In  February,  1917,  fourteen  came 
from  the  Nanking  Medical  School.  There  is  a Training 
School  for  Nurses,  with  thirty  members,  most  of  them  high 
school  graduates. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Neal  has  been  the  head  of  the  school  from  its 
inception,  and  four  members  of  the  faculty  are  connected  with 
our  Mission. 

On  the  mission  compound  in  the  city  proper  are  the  Mc- 
Ilvaine  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men,  under  Dr.  C.  F.  Johnson, 
which  draws  its  patients  largely  from  the  country,  and  is 
widely  known  among  the  churches.  The  Boyd  Hospital  for 
Women  is  superintended  by  Dr.  Caroline  Merwin. 

The  medical  work  at  Ichowfu  has  always  been  considerable. 
A dispensary  was  opened  by  Dr.  C.  F.  Johnson  in  1891,  and 
a building  erected  later  with  detached  wards  for  men.  Dr. 
Anna  Larsen  began  the  work  for  women,  and  after  her  death, 
in  1907,  it  was  assumed  by  Dr.  Emma  Fleming,  who  still 
superintends  it.  A Women’s  Hospital  was  opened  in  1907, 
given  by  the  Presbyterial  Society  of  St.  Louis.  The  Men’s 
Hospital  is  in  charge  of  Dr.  Harding.  Great  need  exists  here 
for  the  proper  care  of  tubercular  patients. 

In  Tsiningchow  regular  medical  work  was  begun  in  1891 
by  Dr.  J.  L.  Van  Schaick,  through  whose  skill  and  kindliness 
it  prospered  greatly.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Lyon  had  charge  for 
many  years  of  the  two  hospitals — the  Rose  Bachman  Memorial 
for  Men,  and  the  Hunter  Memorial  Hospital  for  Women, 
which  are  well  and  favorably  known  throughout  the  whole 
region  in  spite  of  their  very  inadequate  equipment.  New 
hospital  buildings  and  a larger  force  of  workers  are  sorely 
needed.  Dr.  W.  F.  Seymour  is  now  the  physician  in  charge. 

Dr.  William  R.  Cunningham  is  doing  a successful  and 
self-denying  work  at  Yi-hsien,  under  conditions  of  great  hard- 
ship. The  so-called  “hospital  wards”- — dark,  damp  mud  huts, 

12 


with  thatched  roofs — are  so  repellant  that  only  the  very  poor 
are  willing  to  enter  them.  No  station  is  more  in  need  of 
help  in  its  medical  work  than  Yi-hsien. 

Teng-hsien,  the  newest  station  in  Shantung,  has  a small 
hospital  and  dispensary,  in  charge  of  Louise  Kealor,  M.  D., 
and  Miss  Alma  Dodds,  with  capable  helpers. 

When  we  read  this  list  of  medical  activities,  the  most 
extensive  under  the  care  of  our  Board,  and  think  of  what 
is  being  done  by  other  organizations,  it  seems  that  we  are 
accomplishing  a great  deal.  But  when  we  look  at  the  400 
medical  missionaries  of  all  denominations  for  China’s 
400,000,000  of  people,  and  see  American  Medical  Schools 
turning  out  yearly  about  5,000  graduates,  we  have  a truer 
sense  of  proportion.  One  large  American  city  can  boast  of 
more  qualified  physicians  than  all  the  land  of  China. 

What,  then,  are  these  agencies,  small  and  scattered  as  they 
are,  doing  for  China? 

1st.  They  are  giving  the  services  of  a band  of  qualified 
men  and  women,  who  are  devoting  their  lives  to  healing 
service,  asking  no  other  reward. 

2nd.  They  are  establishing  a chain  of  hospitals  and  dis- 
pensaries throughout  the  land  to  serve  as  centres  of  sanitary 
science  and  benevolent  help. 

3rd.  They  are  maintaining  a small  group  of  asylums  for 
special  classes — the  insane,  the  blind,  the  deaf,  the  lepers — 
to  serve  as  models  for  future  advance. 

4th.  They  are  furnishing  a small  army  of  native  physi- 
cians and  nurses,  trained  in  the  old  days  by  the  pioneers  with 
self-denying  patience,  now  instructed  in  good  schools  sus- 
tained by  joint  efforts. 

5th.  They  are  translating  the  best  medical  books,  without 
which  the  schools  would  be  hopelessly  hampered,  and  carrying 
on  research  work  in  special  fines. 

6th.  They  are  helping  to  rid  the  country  of  the  awful 
opium  curse.  All  our  hospitals  treat  hundreds  of  opium  cases 
yearly. 

7th.  The  direct  results  of  the  medical  work  in  bringing 
souls  to  Christ  are  not  small. 


1 3 


The  medical  missionaries  are  always  in  the  forefront  of 
the  battle  against  plague  and  cholera,  and  conspicuous  in 
every  movement  for  better  living.  All  this  is  done  at  very 
small  expense.  A single  hospital  in  one  of  our  large  American 
cities  costs  yearly  far  more  than  all  our  work  in  China  put 
together. 

HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSARIES. 

1920. 


SjOUTH  CHINA  MISSION. 

Canton. — David  Gregg  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children ; 
Hackett  Medical  College  for  Women;  Turner  Training 
School  for  Nurses;  John  G.  Kerr  Refuge  for  the  Insane; 
Dispensaries ; General  Medical  Work. 

E.  C.  Machle.  M.  D. ; H.  W.  Boyd,  M.  D. ; C.  C.  Selden,  M.  D.: 
Robert  M.  Ross,  M.  D. ; Joseph  L.  Harvey,  M.  D. ; Mary  W. 
Niles,  M.  D. ; Martha  Hackett,  M.  D. ; Harriet  M.  Allyn,  Ph.l). ; 
Mildred  Jenks,  M.  D. ; Mrs.  J.  L.  Harvey,  Nurse;  Christine 
M.  Smith,  R.  N. 

Lien  Chou. — Van  Norden  Hospital  for  Men;  Brooks  Me- 
morial Hospital  for  Women. 

Philip  R.  Fulton,  M.  D. ; Helen  I.  Stockton,  R.  N. 

Yf.ung  Kong. — Forman  Memorial  Hospital;  Medical  Work 
at  out-stations. 

William  H.  Dobson,  M.  D. ; Ernest  M.  Ewers,  M.  D. 

Ko  Chou. — Medical  Work. 

Mrs.  C.  E.  Patton,  M.  D. 

HAINAN  MISSION. 

Kiung  Chow. — Hospital  and  Dispensary;  Medical  Work. 

H.  M.  McCandliss,  M.  D. ; William  R.  McCandliss,  M.  D. 

Nodoa. — Mary  Henry  Hospital  and  Dispensary. 

Clarence  G.  Salsbury,  M.  D. 

Kachek. — Kilborne  Hospital;  General  Medical  Work. 

Rev.  J.  Franklin  Kelly,  M.  D. ; N.  Bercowitz,  M.  D. 

HUNAN  MISSION. 

Siang  Tan. — Tooker  Hospital;  Dispensary;  General  Medical 
Work. 

E.  D.  Vanderburg,  M.  D. ; F.  J.  Tooker,  M.  D. ; Mrs. 
Tooker,  M.  D. 


14 


Hengchow. — Hospital ; Dispensary. 

W.  Edgar  Robertson,  M.  D. ; William  L.  Berst,  M.  D. 

Chenchow. — Hospital ; Dispensary. 

Stephen  C.  Lewis,  M.  D. ; Mrs.  Lewis,  R.  N. ; Mrs.  W.  T. 
Locke,  M.  D. 

Chanc.teh. — Hospitals  for  Men  and  Women. 

O.  T.  Logan,  M.  D.;  G.  T.  Tootell,  M.  D. ; Mrs.  Logan,  R.  N. ; 
Phyllis  Kurtz,  R.  N. 


CENTRAL  CHINA  MISSION. 

Soochow. — Tooker  Memorial  Hospital  for  Women. 
Frances  L.  Hacker,  M.  D. ; Chinese  Physicians. 

Yu-yiao  (Ningpo). — McCartee  Hospital. 

Chinese  Physicians. 


KIANG-AN  MISSION. 

Nanking. — Medical  School;  Hospital  and  Nurses’  Training 
School,  all  in  connection  with  Nanking  University. 

Sidney  L.  Lasell,  M.  D. ; T.  Dwight  Sloan.  M.  D. 

Hwai  Yuen. — Hope  Hospital  for  Men;  Ming  Kang  Hospital 
for  Women  and  Children;  Medical  Work. 

W.  J.  Barnes,  M.  I).;  Agnes  G.  Murdoch,  M.  D. ; Margaret 
F.  Murdoch,  Nurse. 

Nan  Hsu  Chow. — Hospital ; General  Medical  Work. 

J.  Horton  Daniels,  M.  D. 


NORTH  CHINA  MISSION. 

Peking. — Union  Medical  School  and  Hospital  (China  Medical 
Board)  ; Woman’s  Union  Medical  College,  Hospital, 
Nurses’  Training  School;  Douw  Hospital  for  Women. 
Frederick  E.  Dilley,  M.  D. ; Ralph  G.  Mills,  M.  D. : Frarklin 
C.  McLean,  M.  D. ; Eliza  E.  Leonard,  M.  D. ; Myrtle  J.  Hink- 
house,  M.  D. 

Paotingfu. — Taylor  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men ; Hodge 
Memorial  Hospital  for  Women ; General  Medical  Work. 
Charles  Lewis,  M.  D. : Maud  A.  Mackey,  M.  D. ; John  II. 
Wylie,  M.  D. ; Marie  Rustin,  R.  N. 

Shuntefu. — Hugh  O'Neill  Memorial  Hospital  for  Men; 
Grace  Talcott  Hospital  for  Women. 

Guy  W.  Hamilton,  M.  D. ; John  R.  Dickson.  M.  D. : Elizabeth 
F.  Lewis,  M.  D. ; Marion  C.  Mason,  R.  N. 

IS 


SHANTUNG  MISSION. 

Teng  Chow. — General  Medical  Work;  Hospital;  Dispensary. 
C.  E.  Buswell,  M.  D. 

Chefoo. — Temple  Hill  Hospital ; General  Medical  Work. 

Oscar  F.  Hills,  M.  D. ; Robert  W.  Dunlap,  M.  D. ; Ruth  Mc- 
Ivor,  R.  N. ; Caroline  D.  Beegle,  R.  N. 

Tsinanfu. — Union  School  of  Medicine  (Shantung  Christian 
University)  ; Mcllvaine  Hospital  for  Men ; Louisa  Boyd 
Hospital  for  Women. 

.Tames  B.  Neal,  M.  D. ; Samuel  Cochran,  M.  D. ; C.  F.  Johnson, 
M.  D. ; Caroline  S.  Merwin,  M.  D. ; Charles  K.  Roys,  M.  D. ; 
Thornton  Stearns,  M.  D. ; Bertha  L.  Dinkelacker,  R.  N.; 
Effie  T.  Dinkelacker,  R.  N. 

Wei  Hsien. — Hospital  for  Men  and  Women;  Dispensaries; 
General  Medical  Work. 

L.  F.  ITeimburger,  M.  D. ; Mrs.  R.  M.  Mateer,  M.  D. ; Ruth  A. 
Brack,  R.  N. 

Ichowfu. — Hospital  for  Men;  Hospital  for  Women;  Medical 
Work. 

Benjamin  M.  Harding,  M.  D ; Emma  E.  Fleming,  M.  D. ; 

M.  M.  Wagner,  Nurse. 

Tsining. — Bachman  Hospital  (men)  ; Hunter  Hospital 
(women). 

W.  F.  Seymour,  M.  D. 

Yi-Hsien. — Medical  Work;  Hospital  and  Dispensary. 

William  R.  Cunningham,  M.  D. 

Teng-Hsien. — Medical  Work;  Hospital  and  Dispensary; 
Leper  Home. 

Louise  IT.  Keator,  M.  D. ; Alma  D.  Dodds,  Nurse. 


STATISTICS,  1919 


Medical  men 37 

Medical  women 13 

Hospitals  37 

Beds  2,394 

Dispensaries  38 

In-Patients  16,062 

Out-Patients  136,564 


